The cellular process by which substances are brought into a cell is a fundamental aspect of cell biology. This mechanism involves the plasma membrane engulfing extracellular material, forming vesicles that bud inward and transport the enclosed contents into the cell’s interior. This facilitates the uptake of nutrients, signaling molecules, and even pathogens.
This import mechanism is critical for various cellular functions, including nutrient acquisition, receptor signaling, and immune defense. Its evolutionary origins trace back to early eukaryotic cells and highlight its significance in cellular evolution and adaptation. Disruptions can lead to diseases such as infections and metabolic disorders, emphasizing its vital role in maintaining cellular homeostasis and organismal health.
